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At particular risk are children under age 2 and adults with a weakened immune system.

The disease is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which also causes pneumonia, blood poisoning (septicemia), and ear and sinus infections. Some 6,000 cases of pneumococcal meningitis are reported in the United States each year. Pneumococcal meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is the most serious form of bacterial meningitis.Bacterial meningitis can cause stroke, hearing loss, and permanent brain damage. The disease can also occur when certain bacteria invade the meninges directly. Several types of bacteria can first cause an upper respiratory tract infection and then travel through the bloodstream to the brain. There are also non-infectious causes such as autoimmune/rheumatological diseases and certain medications.īacterial meningitis is a rare but potentially fatal disease. For some individuals, environmental exposure (such as a parasite), recent travel, or an immunocompromised state (such as HIV, diabetes, steroids, chemotherapy treatment) are important risk factors. Infectious causes of meningitis and encephalitis include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Top What causes meningitis and encephalitis? When both the brain and the spinal cord are involved, the condition is called encephalomyelitis. Myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord. Inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, is called meningitis inflammation of the brain itself is called encephalitis.

In extreme cases, these can cause brain damage, stroke, or even death.

These diseases, and the resulting inflammation, can produce a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, seizures, and changes in behavior or confusion. Infections and other disorders affecting the brain and spinal cord can activate the immune system, which leads to inflammation. What is the prognosis for these infections? How are meningitis and encephalitis diagnosed?Ĭan meningitis and encephalitis be prevented? Who is at risk for encephalitis and meningitis? What is meningitis? What is encephalitis?